Lawyer in Turkey

Friday, August 22, 2014

Scammed through a Proxy

In my practice I see many cases of swindle in many various types. People can easily wander during the process of buying a property or can get scammed through deception or misguidance. And over and over again I keep wondering what the main cause of this kind of swindle is. Of course it is always about the money, but money is not the cause. It is the reason why people get scammed. My question is about the cause of scams singly. I think the answer is very simple: It is our built trust in our fellow human.

The story I am going to tell you now has affected me and I am sure you are not indifferent.

This lady has bought together with her husband a nice apartment in Alanya from a construction builder. In this period she met a sworn translator whose services they needed at the Tapu Office. He helped them very good and they stayed in touch. At the moment that the couple had divorced, the property in Turkey was assigned to the lady. Half of the house was on name of her ex husband and had fully come to her name. Again she used the services of the same sworn translator and also this time it went smoothly. The lady got the Tapu completely on her name. She was happy.


After a couple of years, she thought it would be a good idea to transfer the Tapu to her children, in case something would happen to her. Till now she always used the services of the same sworn translator, who also became a friend during the past years. Someone she trusted completely and it was clear that also this time she would ask him to take the job. On his request she gave him a notarized power of attorney; she signed a couple of documents and gave him the needed documents from the children.
After 6 months she was told by the sworn translator that her property had been sold to somebody else. At first she thought he was making a joke, but when she found out that he was very serious she went looking for a lawyer to look into her case and to claim her tapu. After 2 years her lawyer told her that it is a lost cause. And that is how I met this lady when she visited me in my practice for a second opinion.

Now the question arises whether this lady can claim her property back or not. The answer on this question depends on the evidence. Can she prove that this man, who she trusted completely, has scammed her? And what about the rights from the people who bought her property?

She gave this man a notarized power of attorney to sell and transfer the property on her behalf. She never thought about the fact that this power of attorney was drafted too broadly. In this case my advice to her would have been to give a power of attorney that only gives the right to sell and transfer the property on behalf of her children. THAT was her intention. This way the sworn translator would never be able to sell the property to a third party. The third party could never have relied on the power of attorney that he held. And because of this it is that the court has deemed the case not proven.

The sad thing about this case is that during the court case she found out that the sworn translator had pilfered her signature on a blank paper and later wrote on this paper himself that she had  received the complete amount of money from the sale. This lady not only lost her holiday home, she also lost her rights to reclaim the money from the sworn translator. And with this a dream and trust in a fellow human turned into a nightmare.
  
In Turkey it is easy to become a sworn translator. Don’t get me wrong, it is a respectable profession. As long the translator does what he should do, The Translation, I have no qualms.

But most of the time they also do consulting work or worse attorney work. There is no guild or order that effectively controls their actions or calls them to order. Be careful with the trust that you give away. 

Monday, June 23, 2014

Minimum Wages in Turkey (2nd period)

The Turkish Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, has announced the minimum wage for 2014, the 2nd period of 2014, (1st July 2014 - 31 December 2014).

Every year on the 1st of  January and the 1st of  July the government announces the new wages for the next coming 6 months.

Structure minimum salary
The statutory minimum wage is based on the gross salary for normal working hours, without overtime. You receive this wage on the agreed payment period, f.e. weekly, monthly or every 4 weeks. The gross salary may consist of:
  • the (basic) salary in your employment contract has been agreed;
  • the allowances for performance, shifts, irregular hours, standby duty and working conditions;
  • the fixed bonus for the sales you make any payment and you will receive;
  • the rewards of third parties caused by the work.

The total of these amounts shall not be less than the minimum wage.

Pay slip
To avoid problems in the future with the tax authorities, es we recommend to pay the wages exactly as mentioned on the pay slip. If you pay in cash, let your staff monthly sign the pay slip (your accountant will create the slip monthly).

Apartments staff
The legislation distinguishes apartments staff. There are more than 200,000 people who are registered as apartment staff (kapıcı). The government has made ​​an exception for this group allowing an exemption from income tax (gelir vergisi) and withholding tax (withholding tax). The exemption creates a higher net income. The total cost to the employer will remain the same.


MINIMUM SALARY TURKEY
(Period 01.07.2014-31.12.2014)
Employees
Apartment personnel (kapıcı)
Gross salary
1.134,00 TL
1.134,00 TL
Social insurance employee (14%)
158,76 TL
158,76 TL
Unemployment insurance contribution employee (1%)
11,34 TL
11,34 TL
Income tax (15%)
64,26 TL
---
Cost of living allowance (sagri)
(Single and no children)
80,33 TL
---
Stamp tax (0,759%)
8,61 TL
---
Total deductions
242,97 TL
170,10 TL
NET SALARY (incl aig)
891,03 TL
963,90 TL
Total cost for employer
1.132,45 TL
1.132,45  TL

Wednesday, May 21, 2014

(UN)legitimate employment issues?

Last winter I looked several employment matters in which employee’s claimed compensation from their employer’s. The employer in these cases was Home Owners Association and/or the director(s) thereof. During the handling of these cases it became clear to me that, no matter how unfair the employee’s claim was, the evidence that the employer submitted, determined the outcome of the case.


That is why I want to emphasize, to all directors of Home Owners Association, the vital importance of a carefully prepared personnel file for every person employed. The judge will request that the defendant submit the personnel file to the court. If this file is lacking in any detail, the case will be decided in favour of the employee. Now you may be wondering: what is a personnel file and what documents should be contained within it. A personnel file is an employee’s dossier and it should contain the following as an absolute minimum:

  • A full employment contract
  • A work schedule and/ or division of tasks 
  • Certificate of good behaviour
  • Salary information
  • Medical data
  • Education, certificates and references
  • Discharge letters and formal notices

Mostly, employee’s claims are related to financial matters. It is therefore very important to keep salary related information up to date. This should include for example: proof of all salary payments, amount paid, holiday pay, overtime payments, national holiday payments, record of annual leave, employer’s liabilities and most importantly, the employee must sign all documents personally. A husband cannot sign on behalf of his wife for her monthly pay check nor can another staff member on her behalf; this has no legal status in court.

The role and legal expertise of the accountant or company that deals with your payroll administration, is very important. All accountants or management companies engaged by Home Owners Association, must take a full and active role in all aspects of the administration process, it is not enough for them to just be involved in the payment of wages and SGK premiums.

If a Home Owners Association doesn't have the legal expertise in-house, they would be well advised to seek advice from a lawyer, so that the necessary payroll administration can be fully complied with. Ultimately, the Home Owners Association is fully responsible. The board of management has a statutory obligation to ensure that all employment obligations are complied with in full with respect to all employees.